LOS ANGELES \u2014 As visitors to a bustling park in northeast Los Angeles shot hoops, scrambled up play equipment and lounged in manicured grass, an endangered songbird covertly \u2014 but not quietly \u2014 did his part to stave off extinction.<\/p>\n
The least Bell\u2019s vireo, a small, mostly gray songbird, was on the verge of nesting in Rio de Los Angeles State Park, a green respite that supplanted an abandoned railyard along the L.A. River. The bird with a wingspan of just seven inches<\/a> was singing passionately, an act that marked its territory as breeding season picked up in mid-March. Its song<\/a> rings out like a clinking question-and-answer: \u201cCheedle-cheedle-chee? Cheedle-cheedle-chew!\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s persistent. It\u2019s a survivor,\u201d said Nicolas Gonzalez, senior communications manager for migration science at the National Audubon Society, an avian conservation nonprofit, who helped identify the bird as it flitted between trees, blending into the muted spring sky.<\/p>\n Bird boosters, meanwhile, were hustling to get the grounds in order.<\/p>\n Evelyn \u201cEvy\u201d Serrano enthusiastically instructed two volunteers at Rio de Los Angeles, which is in the Glassell Park neighborhood, on how to create what looked like moats of soil around fledgling native plants. Serrano, director of the Audubon Center at Debs Park<\/a>, another urban oasis, explained that the berms would funnel water to the mule fat, black sage, golden currant, sycamore trees and other native foliage the least Bell\u2019s vireo needs to thrive. Certain plants provide cover and nest materials, while others attract yummy insects.<\/p>\n So far, the literal dirty work seems to be paying off. A lone least Bell\u2019s vireo was documented at the park when the habitat restoration effort targeting the species began about two years ago, Serrano said. Within a year, there were four \u2014 two nesting pairs. Last year, they counted three fledglings.<\/p>\n \u201cSometimes it takes a really long time to see the change,\u201d Serrano said. \u201cIt was really nice to see it happen so quickly.\u201d<\/p>\n Stakeholders see the migratory birds\u2019 rebound in the park and surrounding areas as a testament to what can happen when people come together to make positive change and natural environments are supported. It also suggests that people can live in harmony with nature \u2014 even in highly urbanized areas.<\/p>\n But significant legwork preceded the recent local triumph, and what can be seen as historic missteps were walked back. Meanwhile, there are new and old threats.<\/p>\n Once abundant in California\u2019s riverside woodlands, the silver-tongued, whitish-bellied least Bell\u2019s vireo vanished from most of its range by the 1980s, remaining only in Southern California and northern Baja California, according to the U.S. Geological Survey<\/a>. (The birds are the smallest of four subspecies of Bell\u2019s vireo<\/a>.)<\/p>\n The ranks plummeted amid the extensive loss of their preferred riparian habitat. Dams went up and wetlands were drained, people encroached on wildlands, and agriculture expanded. In 1999, The Times reported that<\/a> California had lost 97% of its riparian woodlands, more than any other state. Parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds<\/a>, which lay eggs in vireo nests, contributed to the decline. California listed the bird as endangered in 1980, and federal officials followed suit in 1986.<\/p>\n About 20 years after the least Bell\u2019s vireo gained federal protection, the California population increased<\/a> almost tenfold, from 291 to 2,968 pairs, according to federal wildlife officials. Now the birds are popping up in areas where they haven\u2019t been seen in years, sometimes even decades.<\/p>\n The Rio de Los Angeles park site was once part of the floodplain of the nearby Los Angeles River \u2014 prime vireo real estate. Then came the concrete. Catastrophic floods, including one in 1938 that killed more than 100 people<\/a> and delayed the Oscars, prompted the waterway to be paved over.<\/a><\/p>\n That ushered in a period of about 60 to 70 years \u201cwhere you would never have seen a least Bell\u2019s vireo anywhere near downtown,\u201d said Dan Cooper, deputy executive officer and senior conservation biologist for the Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains.<\/p>\n A turning point arrived in the late 1990s and early 2000s, he said, when restoration work along the river began, and government agencies started clearing less habitat in the channel. Cooper, a San Gabriel Valley native, joined Friends of the L.A. River just as the nonprofit was launched by poet Lewis MacAdams<\/a>.<\/p>\n Two years ago, Cooper was shocked to trace the birds to a pocket park<\/a> lodged between the river and the roaring 5 Freeway. There was a youngster accompanying the adult making a begging call for food and attention.<\/p>\n \u201cIts song is so distinctive, and it really cuts through all the din of the city noise,\u201d Cooper said. \u201cI could hear it above the traffic.\u201d<\/p>\n On a podcast<\/a>, Cooper calls it a \u201cscratchy phrase that goes up and then goes down.\u201d He added: \u201cIt was described to me as, \u2018You take the ball, give it to me; I take the ball, give it to you.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n The same year, Cooper said, a territory cropped up at a picnic area in Elysian Park. He said Chavez Ravine was likely once a \u201cnice little riparian spring\u201d replete with blackberries and other goodies.<\/p>\n \u201cOnce they start kind of reclaiming their prior territory, they seem to be spreading out into places we don\u2019t necessarily expect to find them, like Elysian Park,\u201d he said. It appears 2022 marked when the birds \u201csort of exploded\u201d in the area.<\/p>\n Marcos Trinidad, senior director of forestry at TreePeople, remembers hearing the unmistakable tune while strolling through Rio de Los Angeles around 2015<\/a>. Trinidad, who learned the call by listening to a CD he burned featuring classical music interspersed with birdsongs, recalled thinking, \u201cWhoa, wait, is that really happening here?\u201d<\/p>\n At the time, he was director of the Audubon Center at Debs Park, and he was able to secure funding about two years later that allowed for consistent habitat restoration events.<\/p>\n A National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant funds the restoration happening today, Serrano said. In addition to Audubon, the work is supported by California State Parks, Los Angeles River State Park Partners, Theodore Payne Foundation and Terremoto. Other groups, such as Friends of the L.A. River, carry out nearby restoration efforts that benefit the birds.<\/p>\n Rio de Los Angeles is a fairly young park; it opened in 2007 on Taylor Yard, a former Union Pacific railroad maintenance depot. Tracks still border one side of the park, and trains hurtle by in deafening bursts.<\/p>\n A contentious compromise<\/a> between city and state officials birthed a unique park: Reconstructed wetlands lush with native flora border facilities that include a soccer field, recreation building and playground. Most visitors are unaware they\u2019re walking their pooch or dribbling a ball yards from what has become refuge for an embattled songbird.<\/p>\n Those with historical knowledge of the area logged the change. An employee with L.A.\u2019s Department of Recreation and Parks showed a Times reporter a satellite image that apparently captured the area before it was rehabbed. Trees were sparse.<\/p>\n \u201cThere was nothing here, and they revitalized it,\u201d said the employee, who was working at the park.<\/p>\n Gray and orange fencing now rises in parts of Rio de Los Angeles State Park, barriers between nesting activity and the public. As of mid-May, two nests were confirmed. Serrano, in an email, said \u201cour bird friend\u201d continued to sing \u201ca whole lot.\u201d<\/p>\n Moses Goldfarb, 31, was unaware of the vireo when he arrived at the park on a sunny day in April to play tennis. The Seattle transplant, who works in the film industry, expressed surprise that the park was home to \u201canything other than just a standard city bird.\u201d<\/p>\n Ariana Martinez, 23, who was lounging on a grassy patch, was less thrown by the revelation that the songbird was near. Since discovering the more naturalistic side of the park a few months ago, she frequents it, along with her young nephew and elderly dog.<\/p>\n Given all the trees and ambient bird sounds, \u201cI feel like it makes sense for them to be here,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n Candice Dickens-Russell, chief executive of Friends of the L.A. River, said nature is especially thriving in three areas of the river where those who paved it couldn\u2019t get the concrete to stick: near Long Beach, the Sepulveda Basin and Glendale Narrows. She said it\u2019s those places where the least Bell\u2019s vireo and other species are making a comeback.<\/p>\n \u201cThere is definitely a link between a lack of concrete and biodiversity,\u201d she said, adding that the nonprofit is advocating for strategic removal of concrete in areas of the river where it\u2019s safe to do so.<\/p>\n Preserving the least Bell\u2019s vireo, of course, goes beyond the river.<\/p>\n A group spanning academic, military and conservation partners is developing a model to examine all identified threats to the bird \u201cin a kind of holistic way over space and time so we can say what are the major threats that need to be managed and where,\u201d said Casey Lott, a consultant for the project who owns Conservation Science and Data Visualization.<\/p>\n Several of the birds\u2019 largest remaining nesting habitats are on U.S. Department of Defense training areas and in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers flood control basins, and managing them in accordance with federal wildlife law is costly and disruptive to agency operations, according to an overview of the project<\/a>. (In 1986, a pair of wildlife biologists penned an op-ed for The Time<\/a> s pushing back on what they described as unfair \u201cvillification\u201d of the bird after it earned federal protections, which some blamed for derailing projects.)<\/p>\n Lott said the birds are on the rise, estimating that there are between 4,630 and 5,125 pairs, but they haven\u2019t established themselves in the Central Valley, once believed to be the heart of their range. According to Lott, there\u2019s ample habitat for them there, as well as in other areas in the state, but they remain stymied by cowbirds. Meanwhile, they\u2019re expanding in areas where cowbirds are amply trapped.<\/p>\n \u201cSo we can increase the population now with a whole lot of cowbird control,\u201d Lott said. \u201cBut if the species is delisted and those efforts stop, it\u2019s hard to imagine it not going back to dire straits.\u201d<\/p>\n The model, which will take into account climate change and other emerging threats, is expected to be completed in 2026.<\/p>\n ___<\/p>\n